Modern States and Their Challenge: Multicultural Societies

My question is under what conditions can modern states manage their multicultural societies?

Under the condition of striving for homogeneity
Under the condition of (Kymlicka, Taylor)
Under the condition of no management?

Nation-States and Their Challenge: Open Society


The strain of the democratic change brought about by the forces of globalization is felt in the modern nation-states. Nation-states are no longer nation states as they contain a mosaic of different identities, cultures, and affiliations. It seems that in the 21st century, therefore, one of the tasks of the modern state is how to maintain social peace among its various cultures, identities, and subcultures.

One of the impact of globalization was the recent enhancement in democratic rights that led, in turn, to the questioning of the conservative and traditional order upon which the modern nation is built. Earlier, one aspect of nation-state building was the identity is inculcated in its citizens. That is, the one-identity it imposed on its citizens. This identity, however, lost its meaning once the forces of globalization connected people of different identities, cultures, and languages under one roof. The modern state, therefore, was faced with the task of satisfying the needs of its multicultural societies, manage them so as to maintain social peace.

I would like to start from the beginning:
The goal of the modern state is ensure territorial integrity, social peace, and sound economy.
The nation-states, which emerged in the 20th century, sought to achieve all the above by imposing one identity, one culture, and one loyalty to its citizens. That is, homogeneity and a unified society were considered the path to a successful nation-state. The 20th century also witnessed the break-up of nation-states into even smaller parts, which are also striving for homogeneity. It seems as though the more break-up into small parts of a once large nation-states, the more parts are left waiting to break away. It seems that there is an endless number of identities waiting to spring up once the umbrella of an all-encompassing identity is lifted. The question is whether the break-up of nation-states into even smaller entities is the solution for nations, identities, and cultures to achieve social peace? The question is whether a modern state will always have to manage another different culture and identity within its own entity. Most probably, yes. I will take up this sidenote of whether break-up of modern nation-states and seeking of independence is the answer to s0cial peace. I am not saying that nations should not strive for independence, I am just saying that establishing another modern state based on the concept of natio, homogeneous society, and one identity may not necessarily be the answer to violation of human rights, massacres, or even social unrest as there are always smaller particles waiting to emerge. I wonder if it is it time to look for a more global answer to this challenge of how to deal with these many different groups. Yes, I will come back to this question later.

So, let me go to the beginning, to my question. Under what conditions can modern states manage their multicultural societies?

After having discussed modern states and the challenges they face, I would like to talk about multicultural societies. When I talk about multicultural societies, I mean everything from ethnic to cultural identities. I am not only referring to differences based on religion and ethnicity, I am also referring to cultures of secularism vs religiosity, patriarchial societies vs open societies, agrarian vs urban cultures. Modern nations may face the challenge of having to manage multicultural societies, which do not share the same values, in order to maintain social peace.

Now I am questioning my question