The question is under what conditions can a nation-state manage a multicultural society without causing social unrest. Why is this important? Because a nation-state needs to maintain order within its territory to prevent a possible breakup. Because, in order to prosper and achieve economic progress a nation-state needs to maintain some kind of balance within its borders. What about Israel? No peace, no tranquillity, social unrest, and yet economic progress. Actually, a sort of break-up did occur in Israel when the two-state solution was accepted by all sides. If Israel had successfully managed its multicultural society, perhaps a two-state solution would not have come up.
If Serbia had successfully managed its multicultural society, Kosovo would not have demanded independence. What about Turkey? Is it successfully managing its multicultural society.
Let us look at Turkey. Let us just say that at present Turkey's multicultural society is composed of seculars and moderate Muslims and both are facing the Islamic headdress issue. So the question will be, under what conditions can Turkey manage the headdress issue without causing social unrest.
- By imposing its values on the whole of the society
- By introducing the changes with small steps
- Turkey will no be able to manage its multicultural society and this will cause unrest and maybe even a breakup.
The issue here is that the AKP is not really imposing its values on the society as it is only an emissary of all the young women, who are seeking to make a statement by wearing the headscarf. Who is putting the pressure on whom? Could we say that the headscarved young women are searching for their democratic rights? Are they under pressure from the menfolk? The fact that they are attending universities show that the pressure may not be for the men in the family but from a sense of belonging of these women themselves. They have just created a subculture -- headscarved university students.

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